What is influenza?
Influenza, or the flu, is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms may include fever, dry cough, nasal congestion, headache, sore throat, muscle aches, and fatigue. Influenza spreads mainly through droplets from coughing and sneezing, as well as through contact with contaminated surfaces.
What is the difference between influenza and the common cold?
While influenza and the common cold share symptoms, influenza is generally more severe and lasts longer. It often causes a sudden onset of symptoms like high fever and intense body aches, unlike the common cold.
Who can get influenza, and how common is it in Nepal?
Anyone can get influenza, and it is highly contagious. Influenza is among the most common vaccine-preventable diseases. The frequency of cases can vary annually based on virus strains and community immunity levels but it is highly prevalent.
What are the complications of influenza?
Complications from influenza can include pneumonia, myocarditis (heart inflammation), and neurological issues, which may lead to hospitalization or even death. Individuals with pre-existing health conditions are at a higher risk, but complications can occur in otherwise healthy people as well.
What influenza vaccines are available in Nepal?
Tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccines (containing two influenza A and two influenza B strains) are typically available in Nepal which are manufactured by Abott company in Neatherlands. These vaccines are widely available for people of different age groups. Each season new vaccines comes in market mostly during September/October.
Who is recommended to receive an influenza vaccine in Nepal?
Influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone aged 6 months and older to prevent severe illness. It is especially advised for people at higher risk, such as the elderly, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and individuals with chronic health conditions.
How effective are influenza vaccines in preventing influenza illness?
The effectiveness of influenza vaccines varies yearly and depends on factors like the vaccine strain match and individual health. For most healthy adults and children, the vaccine can reduce the chance of getting influenza by 60-70%.
Can influenza vaccines cause influenza?
No, influenza vaccines cannot cause influenza. The vaccines contain inactivated virus particles, which means they cannot replicate or cause illness. Mild side effects like pain at the injection site or slight body pain may occur but typically resolve within a day or two.
When is the best time to get an influenza vaccine?
The ideal time to get vaccinated is before the start of the flu season, which usually begins in the cooler months. However, vaccination can be beneficial at any time during the flu season.
Should pregnant women receive the influenza vaccine?
Yes, influenza vaccination is recommended at any stage of pregnancy to protect both the mother and baby. Maternal vaccination reduces the risk of influenza in infants who are too young for vaccination themselves.
Can breastfeeding mothers receive the influenza vaccine?
Yes, it is safe for breastfeeding mothers to receive the influenza vaccine. The antibodies generated may also offer some protection to the baby through breast milk.
Why do young children need an influenza vaccine?
Young children are at risk of severe complications from influenza, including pneumonia and encephalitis. Vaccination can significantly reduce these risks.
What are the common side effects after receiving an influenza vaccine?
Some individuals may experience mild side effects like soreness at the injection site, low fever, or fatigue. These side effects generally resolve within 1–2 days.
Are there rare side effects from the influenza vaccine?
Serious side effects are very rare but can include allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) may occur very infrequently and is more common from influenza infection than from vaccination.
Can people with egg allergies receive the influenza vaccine?
Yes, most people with egg allergies can safely receive the influenza vaccine. However, individuals with a severe egg allergy should consult a healthcare provider.
Can a person receive other vaccines at the same time as an influenza vaccine?
Yes, it is generally safe to receive other vaccines along with the influenza vaccine. Consult a healthcare provider for specific guidance based on personal health status.
How is influenza vaccine safety monitored in Nepal?
Nepal monitors vaccine safety through a government-led vaccine safety surveillance system. Reports of adverse events following immunization are reviewed to ensure safety.
Why is influenza vaccination not free for everyone?
In Nepal, free or subsidized vaccines are prioritized for higher-risk groups due to limited resources. However, influenza vaccines are available for purchase for those who want protection.
Should someone get vaccinated if they had influenza earlier in the season?
Yes, it is still recommended to get vaccinated after a prior influenza infection, as multiple strains circulate, and immunity from one infection may not protect against others.
How can people protect themselves from influenza while traveling?
Vaccination is the best preventive measure for influenza, especially for travelers. Other precautions include regular hand washing, using masks, and avoiding crowded areas if possible.
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